QUESTION 1: HOW IS SEXUAL MASOCHISM DEFINED?

QUESTION 2: WHEN IS SEXUAL MASOCHISM CONSIDERED A VARIATION ON THE SEXUAL PREFERENCE SPECTRUM?

Because it is always considered a normal variant
Because it involves evaluating the relationship between pleasure and pain
Because there are no differences between atypical sexual preferences and psychological disorders
Because all masochistic practices are considered disorders

Early experiences, power dynamics, sexual identity, and emotional connections
Fun experiences, recreational activities, social interactions
Traumatic experiences, dysfunction in intimate relationships, search for routine
Work experiences, eating habits, exposure to popular culture