Test Motivation: Definition, Process and Relationship to Needs

1ST QUESTION: What is the definition of motivation given in the text?

Set of internal processes involved in activating, directing and maintaining a behavior or learning toward specific goals or ends
Transient feeling that depends only on the state of mind
Fixed personality trait that does not change with experience
Diffuse desire unrelated to action or goals

Increasing predominance of rewards and punishments over self-motivation
Constant emphasis on productivity over the individual
Return to extrinsic motivators as only strategy
Increased focus on internal and transcendent elements, seeking intrinsic satisfaction and self-motivation

Impose uniform rules without knowing people
Focusing exclusively on external compliance
Avoid defining goals to maintain flexibility
Being motivated, having clear objectives, knowing the people, maintaining continuity and grasping opportunities