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Test Experimental research: establishing cause and effect
Agenda
QUESTION 1: What is the only research method that has the ability to reliably establish a cause-and-effect relationship?
Experimental research
Descriptive research
Correlational research
The case study
2nd QUESTION: What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The variable that is measured to observe the effect of the manipulation
The variable that is manipulated by the researcher
The result of the experiment
The variable that cannot be controlled
QUESTION 3: What is the function of the control group in an experiment?
Receive the treatment or manipulation that the researcher is studying
Not receiving any treatment and serving as a baseline to compare outcomes
Manipulate the independent variable
Measure the dependent variable
4th QUESTION: What is the dependent variable?
The variable that is measured in order to observe the effect of the manipulation of the independent variable
The group that does not receive any treatment
The variable that the researcher deliberately manipulates
A factor that remains constant throughout the experiment
5th QUESTION: What is the experimental group?
The group that serves as the baseline for comparison
The set of all people to whom the result can be generalized
A group that does not participate in the experiment
The one who receives the treatment or manipulation that the researcher is studying
QUESTION 6: When can it be concluded that manipulation was the cause of a change in an experiment?
If no difference is observed between the groups
If a statistically significant difference is observed between the experimental and control groups
Whenever a manipulation is performed, regardless of the results
Only if the control group shows a significant change
QUESTION 7: What is the essence of every experiment?
In the association of variables without manipulation
In the simple description of a behavior
In the deliberate manipulation of one or more variables in a controlled situation
In the observation of a phenomenon in its natural habitat
QUESTION 8: Why is it essential to have a control group?
Because it is the group that receives the treatment
Because it is not necessary to establish causality
Because without it, it would be impossible to know with certainty whether the result was due to the treatment or other unknown factors
Because it guarantees that the result will always be positive
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