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Test The ampliative argument: reasoning in uncertainty
Agenda
QUESTION 1: What type of reasoning is based on incomplete information and a degree of uncertainty in the real world?
Formal logic
Ampliative argument or inference
Deductive reasoning
Perfect syllogisms
QUESTION 2: What is an ampliative argument?
One whose conclusion is strictly contained in the premises
One whose conclusion goes beyond what is strictly contained in the premises
He who has no premises
He who always has a true conclusion
QUESTION 3: What happens to the conclusion of an extensative argument?
It is necessarily true
It's fake
It is plausible or probable, but not guaranteed
It is an absolute certainty
QUESTION 4: What example is given of a plausible but unwarranted conclusion about a healthy food?
That is not healthy
That "if I eat it, I'll feel better"
That has no flavor
That won't work
QUESTION 5: What can be inferred in everyday life about the sun that will rise tomorrow?
It will rain
That he has done every day until now
That will not come out
It is always daytime
QUESTION 6: What does critical thinking consist of in a world of inferences?
Search for absolute certainties
Accept all conclusions
Ignoring uncertainty
Evaluate the inductive force of the arguments
QUESTION 7: What should be asked to evaluate the inductive force of an argument?
Only if it is a syllogism
For the quality and quantity of the evidence
By the authority of the one who says it
Because of the popularity of the idea
QUESTION 8: What does it mean to be a critical thinker in the real world?
Be an expert at avoiding uncertainty
Be adept at navigating uncertainty and gauging the degree of confidence in conclusions
Always be skeptical
Accept everything without question
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