Fundamentals of abnormal psychology

Abnormal psychology is a fascinating branch that delves into the mysteries and challenges of mental disorders. This session seeks to explore the foundations of abnormal psychology, from its definitions to the theories and treatments that have evolved to understand and address atypical behaviors.

Definition and Scope of Abnormal Psychology

• Definition: Abnormal psychology focuses on the study of mental disorders and anomalous behaviors. But, how do we define "normal"? The line between normality and abnormality is blurry and culturally influenced.

• Diagnosis and Classification: Classification systems, like the DSM-5, provide categories and criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. However, this process is complex, and the stigma associated with labels must be carefully addressed.

Theories of Abnormal Psychology

• Biological Perspectives: Biological theories suggest that mental disorders have roots in the functioning of the brain and genetics. Neuroscientific research and advances in understanding neurotransmitters have shed light on this perspective.

• Psychological Perspectives: Psychological perspectives, such as psychoanalytic and behavioral theories, focus on life experiences and social interactions that can contribute to mental disorders. Therapies based on these theories seek to address these underlying factors.

• Socioenvironmental Perspectives: The influence of the environment and culture on mental health is key. Abnormal psychology recognizes that traumatic experiences, lack of social support, and cultural pressures can play a crucial role in the manifestation of disorders.

Common Disorders in Abnormal Psychology

• Mood Disorders: Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, affect emotional experience. Variability in the intensity and duration of moods characterizes these disorders.

• Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety can manifest in ways like generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, and panic disorder. Excessive and irrational patterns of fear and worry define these disorders.

• Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (OCD): OCD is characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Significant interference in daily life distinguishes this disorder.

• Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders: Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, involve a loss of contact with reality. Hallucinations and delusions are common features.

Therapeutic Approaches and Treatments

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on modifying dysfunctional thought and behavior patterns. It is effective for a variety of disorders.

• Psychoanalytic Therapy: Psychoanalytic therapy, developed by Freud, seeks to explore unconscious men