How to apply cognitive behavioral techniques in primary care.

Although the cognitive-behavioral approach is usually specialized, some of its principles can be effectively applied in primary care. The mhGAP guide offers clear recommendations for adapting these strategies according to available resources.

The goal is not to replicate formal therapy, but to implement useful and accessible actions that contribute to alleviating distress, providing emotional support, and organizing the patient's daily life.

Psychoeducation for patients and caregivers

Psychoeducation is a fundamental component. It consists of clearly explaining what depression is, what its symptoms are, and how it can be treated. This helps to dispel misconceptions such as the belief that depression is a sign of weakness or lack of character.

It also involves family members and close friends so that they can better understand the problem and avoid attitudes that, although well-intentioned, can cause guilt or frustration in the patient.

Recovery of daily functioning

Primary care can help depressed individuals resume essential activities. The aim is to reactivate simple routines that provide structure, such as getting up at a set time or performing basic household tasks. Specific stressors are also identified, and resources are offered to help patients face them head-on, which strengthens their autonomy and sense of personal control.

Strengthening the support network

Close social networks play a crucial role in the improvement process. Therefore, connection with significant people, whether family members, neighbors, friends, or community leaders, is encouraged. When the immediate environment is not favorable, alternative supports within the community are sought to prevent isolation.

Referral and follow-up according to severity

In more complex cases, it is necessary to refer the patient to a more specialized level of care. This may include medication or specific psychotherapeutic interventions.

In addition, regular follow-up allows for assessment of progress, prevention of relapse, and adjustment of interventions according to current needs. This sustained support is key to ensuring lasting improvement.