Neurogenesis and pharmacological treatment in depression

For a long time, it was thought that the human brain stopped producing neurons upon reaching adulthood. However, more recent research has shown that certain areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus—key to memory and emotional control—retain the ability to generate new neurons, albeit at a slower rate. This process is known as neurogenesis and represents an essential mechanism of brain adaptation.

Effects of depression on brain activity

When a person experiences a depressive episode, there are changes in the functioning of the nervous system. Among the most studied effects is the inhibition of neurogenesis.

Depression tends to reduce the production of new nerve cells, which can aggravate problems with concentration, memory, and emotional regulation. This deterioration is linked to low levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are essential for psychological well-being.

How antidepressants work at the neuronal level

Medications used to treat depression do not only act on emotional symptoms. Several studies suggest that their effectiveness is also related to their ability to stimulate neurogenesis and promote neuronal reconnection.

By increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, antidepressants appear to reactivate the growth of new neurons and strengthen the brain circuits related to mood.

Neuroplasticity as the basis for recovery

The brain has an adaptive capacity known as neuroplasticity, which allows it to reorganize itself and form new synaptic connections. This property is especially valuable in emotional and cognitive recovery processes.

In people receiving treatment for depression, neuroplasticity allows certain affected functions to gradually be restored, facilitating improvements in motivation, attention, and the ability to enjoy everyday activities.

Future prospects: cell therapy and new strategies

Despite the known benefits of antidepressants,