Prevention and support networks

One of the most protective factors against perinatal depression is close support. Emotional support from a partner, family, or friends provides essential sustenance that cushions the impact of the emotional, physical, and social changes of pregnancy and the postpartum period.

This support allows for a more equitable distribution of caregiving tasks, reduces isolation, and promotes adaptation to the new role of motherhood. As evidenced during the pandemic, the absence of support networks significantly increased stress levels and depressive symptoms.

The feeling of being alone 24/7 with a newborn, with no space to express frustrations or receive practical help, exacerbated anxiety, insomnia, and persistent negative thoughts.

In addition, the social idealization of motherhood can make it difficult for mothers to verbalize their discomfort for fear of being judged. Therefore, empathetic and non-judgmental support from those close to them is key to helping women feel validated and not guilty for experiencing complex emotions.

Importance of strengthening primary and community health systems

Prevention also requires an institutional approach: it is crucial that primary health care systems incorporate the emotional component into care for pregnant women and new mothers.

This involves routinely applying screening scales, such as the Edinburgh scale, which allow early depressive symptoms to be identified even in women who do not openly express them.

Healthcare professionals must be trained not only to detect symptoms, but also to create a climate of trust that encourages women to talk about their emotional state without fear of stigma. Care must be continuous, including during the baby's first year of life, as symptoms may appear late.

It is also essential to link mental health with other community services, such as social work and education, especially in highly vulnerable social contexts, where factors such as intimate partner violence, poverty, and migration are also present.

The value of support groups and postpartum follow-up programs

Support groups for mothers have established themselves as highly effective therapeutic and preventive tools. Sharing experiences with other women in similar circumstances alleviates the emotional burden, reduces feelings of loneliness, and allows for the identification of useful coping strategies.

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