Techniques training problem solving skills - foster children autonomy

Teaching problem-solving skills is essential to form critical and creative individuals capable of facing challenges in any context, whether in the classroom, in professional or personal life. To achieve this, it is necessary to use techniques and strategies that foster autonomous thinking, collaboration and creativity. Below, we explore some of the main techniques used by the most effective educators.

Teaching through Problem-Based Learning [PBL]

One of the most powerful methodologies for teaching problem-solving skills is Problem-Based Learning [PBL]. This technique promotes learning through solving real and challenging problems, which allows students to apply their knowledge in practical situations. PBL not only fosters critical thinking, but also enhances collaboration and students' ability to work in teams, as they often need to solve problems in groups. The active approach of this methodology helps students develop a deeper and more lasting understanding of the concepts they are learning.

Problem Solving Strategies according to George Pólya

George Pólya, renowned mathematician and educator, proposed a four-step approach to problem solving that has been instrumental in teaching this skill. The steps are:

• Understanding the problem: Before attempting to solve any problem, it is crucial to fully understand it.

• Planning: Developing a plan of action to address the problem.

• Executing the plan: Implementing the plan, making decisions and adapting as necessary.

• Review: Reflecting on the solution found and evaluating whether the process and outcome can be improved.

This structure helps students break down problems into more manageable parts, which facilitates effective problem solving.

Promoting Critical Thinking through Questioning

One of the most effective techniques for teaching students to solve problems is to encourage critical thinking through open-ended questions. These questions encourage students to think beyond the obvious, consider multiple perspectives, and seek alternative solutions. "What if?" or "How can we improve this solution?" questions promote deep thinking and creativity, which are essential for problem solving. This approach also helps students identify underlying assumptions and challenge traditional approaches.

Real-World Problem Simulation

Simulating real-world problems allows students to practice problem-solving skills in a context closer to what they might face in their professional lives. For example, students can work on real business cases, social problems or scientific issues, giving them a more concrete understanding of how problem-solving skills apply in everyday situations. This technique also fosters adaptability and the ability to make informed decisions under pressure.

Collaborative and Teamwork

Collaborative work is a powerful tool in teaching problem solving. By working in teams, students have the opportunity to share different perspectives, learn from each other, and develop collective solutions. Collaborative learning promotes interpersonal skills such as communication and empathy, as well as improving effectiveness in solving complex problems. Collaboration allows students to approach problems from diverse perspectives, which is key to developing innovative solutions.

Teaching Persistence and Failure as Learning Tools

An essential part of teaching problem-solving skills is helping students understand that failure is a natural part of the process. Persistence and resilience are critical skills that enable students to overcome obstacles and move forward. By fostering a growth mindset, educators can help students see failures as learning opportunities. This perspective strengthens students' ability to tackle challenging problems without giving up at the first hurdle.

Using Technology to Solve Problems

The use of technological tools in teaching problem solving is increasingly present in classrooms. Technologies make it possible to simulate complex scenarios, perform data analysis and develop innovative solutions. In addition, educational platforms offer students the opportunity to solve problems in virtual environments, which can make the experience more interactive and engaging. Teaching students to use technology effectively is an essential skill in the modern world and is critical to their professional development.

In short, teaching problem-solving skills is a comprehensive process that should involve a combination of active methodologies, collaborative strategies, and fostering a critical and persevering mindset. By using these techniques, educators can develop individuals who are better prepared to meet the challenges of the future.