Symptoms and manifestations of autism

Autism is characterized by a variety of symptoms and manifestations that affect communication, social interaction and behavior. These symptoms can vary widely in their severity and presentation in different individuals.

Below, we will explore in detail the most common symptoms and manifestations of autism.

Communication Difficulties

One of the most prominent features of autism is difficulty in communication. This can manifest itself in several ways:

• Lack of Speech: Some individuals with autism may not develop verbal language or may have a significant delay in its acquisition. In such cases, alternative communication systems, such as sign language or assistive communication devices, may be used.

• Language Difficulties: Those with verbal skills may experience conversational difficulties, such as literal interpretation of language, difficulty understanding jokes or sarcasm, or trouble maintaining a reciprocal conversation.

• Echolalia: Some people with autism repeat words or phrases they have previously heard, either immediately upon hearing them (immediate echolalia) or at a later time (delayed echolalia).

Difficulties in Social Interaction

Autism is also characterized by difficulties in social interaction. This may include:

• Relationship Difficulties: Individuals with autism may have difficulty establishing friendships or close relationships. They may struggle to understand nonverbal social norms, such as eye contact, facial expressions, and body language.

• Lack of Empathy: Autism is often associated with difficulties understanding and expressing empathy. They may have trouble recognizing the emotions of others and responding appropriately.

• Limited Social Interests: Some people with autism may show limited interest in social interaction and may prefer solitary activities or focus intensely on specific interests.

Repetitive Behaviors

Repetitive behaviors are another common feature of autism, and may include:

• Stereotyped Movements: Repetitive motor movements, such as rocking, hand flapping, or spinning objects.

• Routines and Ritualism: Need to maintain rigid routines and rituals in daily life. Any change in these routines can be disruptive.

• Special Interests: Intense fixation on specific interests, which can be very detailed and specialized. These interests can be a source of comfort and security for the person with autism.

Sensory Sensitivities

Many people with autism experience unique sensory sensitivities. They may be hypersensitive (oversensitive) or hyposensitive (less sensitive) to sensory stimuli such as noise, light, touch or taste.

This can influence their behavior and preferences, and it may be important to take these sensitivities into account when interacting with them.

Difficulties in Understanding Social and Emotional Signals

People with autism may have difficulty understanding and responding to the social and emotional cues of others. They may not recognize facial expressions, tones of voice, or nonverbal cues, which can make it difficult to interpret the emotions of others.