Perspectives on abnormal behavior

The study of abnormal behavior has been an area of constant interest in psychology, challenging professionals to understand, diagnose, and treat a wide range of mental disorders. A variety of theoretical perspectives have emerged over time, each offering a unique lens through which to examine abnormal behavior.

In this session, we will explore some of these perspectives, from the traditional to the contemporary, to shed light on the complexity of this phenomenon.

Psychoanalytic Perspective: Delving into the Unconscious

Beginning with the work of Sigmund Freud, the psychoanalytic perspective dives into the depths of the unconscious to understand abnormal behavior. Freud posited that unresolved conflicts from childhood could lead to mental disorders in adulthood.

The repression of unconscious thoughts and desires can manifest in neurotic symptoms. However, criticism of this perspective has arisen due to its lack of empirical evidence and its narrow focus on childhood experiences.

Behaviorist Perspective: Focus on Observation and Learning

The behaviorist perspective steps away from introspection and focuses on the objective observation of behavior. Advocates of this perspective, such as B.F. Skinner, suggest that abnormal behavior can be understood through conditioning, where responses are learned and reinforced.

However, this perspective often overlooks the cognitive and emotional factors contributing to abnormal behavior, limiting its full understanding.

Cognitive Perspective: Exploring Dysfunctional Thought Patterns

The cognitive perspective focuses on mental processes, examining how thought patterns can contribute to abnormal behavior. Irrational thoughts, cognitive distortions, and dysfunctional schemas are central to this perspective.

Cognitive therapists work to change these patterns, believing that modifying the way of thinking can lead to changes in behavior. Although this perspective has proven effective in many cases, some critics argue that it may overlook underlying biological factors.

Biological Perspective: Genetics, Neurochemistry and Brain Structures

The biological perspective examines the roots of abnormal behavior in biological factors. Genetic studies have revealed genetic predispositions to certain disorders, while research into neurochemistry suggests imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.

Furthermore, brain imaging has provided information on the brain structures associated with mental disorders. However, this perspective often minimizes the influence of environment and life experiences in the development of mental disorders.

Humanistic Perspective: Focusing on Personal Growth

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