Risk and protective factors in adolescence

Adolescence, that transition period between childhood and adulthood, is marked by a whirlwind of physical, emotional, and social changes. In this session, we will explore the risk and protective factors that shape adolescent development, understanding how these forces interact to influence mental health, relationships, and identity construction in this crucial stage.

Inherent Risks in Adolescence

• Hormonal Changes: Puberty triggers significant hormonal changes, affecting mood, energy, and self-perception. These changes, although natural, can contribute to emotional vulnerability.

• Social Pressures: Adolescence involves a search for identity and acceptance, which often translates into peer group influence. Social pressure can lead to risky behaviors, ranging from substance experimentation to involvement in criminal behaviors.

Environmental Factors

• Family and Parental Dynamics: Dysfunctional family environments or deficiencies in parental support can increase adolescents' vulnerability. Lack of communication and clear boundaries can lead to problematic behaviors.

• Socioeconomic Context: Socioeconomic inequalities can create barriers to access to educational and professional opportunities, increasing the risk of engaging in risky behaviors.

Mental Health

• Mood Disorders: Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. These challenges can go unnoticed, affecting quality of life and decision-making.

• Self-Harm and Suicide: Emotional pressure combined with a lack of resources to cope with stress can lead to self-destructive behaviors. Self-harm and suicide are significant risks that require intervention and support.

Risk Behaviors

• Substance Abuse: Substance experimentation can be a response to social pressure or a way to cope with stress. Substance abuse in adolescence can have long-term consequences for mental health and overall well-being.

• Risky Sexual Behavior: Lack of sexual education and peer pressure can contribute to risky sexual behaviors, increasing the likelihood of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies.

Protection Factors

• Family Support: A solid and supportive family network can act as a buffer against the challenges of adolescence. Open communication and the presence of committed parental figures are essential.

• Positive Peer Relationships: Healthy friendships can provide a critical support system. Developing skills to establish positive relation