Influence of Classical Organizational Theory

Organizational Context and Business Coaching

While coaching integrates knowledge from multiple fields, business coaching draws particularly from theories that explain how organizations function.

Understanding how companies have traditionally been structured, especially according to the postulates of Classical Organizational Theory, provides an essential context for the coach working in this field.

These classical models, focused on efficiency and structure, have shaped many of the dynamics and hierarchies present in today's companies.

Therefore, understanding their principles helps the coach to design more effective interventions to improve performance, develop leadership or facilitate adaptation to change within the corporate environment.

Principles of the Classical Theory: Division of Labor

The Classical Theory of Organizations proposes a structured vision of the company, seeking maximum efficiency through a clear division of labor.

This division is articulated mainly in two directions:

• Horizontal Management: It is based on the division and specialization of tasks. The overall work of the organization is broken down into smaller and more specific units, assigning each individual or department a limited set of functions.

The premise is that this specialization leads to greater skill, speed and efficiency in the execution of each particular task.

A modified example would be an assembly line where each worker focuses repeatedly on a single part of the process.

• Vertical Management: Establishes a strong hierarchical distinction between those who design or plan the work (the management, the strategists) and those who execute it (the workers, the rank and file).

A clear chain of command is created, with different levels of authority and responsibility, where directives flow from top to bottom.

This seeks to ensure control, coordination and compliance with the objectives defined by the top management.

Implications for Business Coaching

Business coaching frequently operates within structures that, to a greater or lesser extent, reflect these classic principles.

The coach may be working to develop specific employee skills related to horizontal specialization.

He or she may also be facilitating communication and collaboration across hierarchical levels, addressing the challenges of vertical division.

At times, coaching may even help individuals whose roles challenge the classic strict separation between design and execution, encouraging initiative or strategic vision in more operational positions.

In addition, the coach can address dysfunctions resulting from a rigid application of these principles, such as a lack of global vision due to over-specialization or communication barriers due to an inflexible hierarchy.

Although modern organizations are looking for more flexible and collaborative models, understanding the basics of the classical structure is still relevant to diagnose problems and facilitate improvements in the business context.

Summary

Business coaching draws on theories of how organizations function, such as Classical Organizational Theory. Understanding these models is key for the coach working in the corporate environment.

This theory seeks maximum efficiency through a clear division of labor. This is articulated in a horizontal direction (specialization of tasks) and a vertical direction (hierarchical distinction of command).

The business coach operates within structures that reflect these classical principles. Knowledge of this framework helps to diagnose problems and design effective interventions for development.