What is Celiac Disease? Basic Concepts

Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system attacks the lining of the small intestine when gluten is consumed. It can affect people of all ages and genders, and can have a variety of symptoms.

Celiac disease develops in people who have a genetic predisposition to the disease. Although there are many genes that have been linked to this disease, the HLA-DQ2 gene and the HLA-DQ8 gene are the most common. However, not all people who have these genes will develop celiac disease. In addition, it is believed that gluten exposure may also be a triggering factor.

It is known that gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye and their varieties or hybrids, and that it can cause damage to the lining of the small intestine in people with celiac disease.

However, not all people who experience digestive symptoms after consuming gluten have celiac disease. Some people may have gluten intolerance or non-celiac gluten sensitivity, which are conditions distinct from celiac disease.

When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, his or her immune system produces antibodies that attack the lining of the small intestine. Over time, this abnormal immune response can cause inflammation and damage to the lining of the small intestine, which can make it difficult to absorb nutrients from food.

What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

The symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely among individuals, who may experience mild symptoms or no symptoms at all.

They may include:

• Diarrhea

• Abdominal pain

• Weight loss

• Fatigue

• Anemia

• Skin rashes

• Headaches

• Depression.

Importance of diagnosing celiac disease

It is important to diagnose celiac disease as early as possible because, if left untreated, it can cause serious complications. Osteoporosis, infertility and small bowel cancer are some of the complications that can arise if celiac disease is left untreated.

To diagnose celiac disease, a series of tests are performed. First, a blood test may be performed to detect antibodies to gluten. If a high amount of antibodies is found, a biopsy of the small intestine may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Diagnosing celiac disease can be a complicated process and can take time. It is important for people to talk to their doctor if they have symptoms suggestive of celiac disease or if they have a family history of the disease. Early detection and proper treatment are essential to prevent serious complications.

Treatment of celiac disease

Celiac disease is not yet curable. Treatment involves following a lifelong gluten-free diet. This can be difficult and requires a great deal of commitment, as gluten is found in many foods.

This means avoiding gluten in all foods made with wheat, barley and rye, as well as some other grains. Among the most common are bread, pasta, cereals, cakes and cookies. But also in soy sauce, condiments, salad dressings, sausages or sweets.

It is important for people with celiac disease to make sure they get enough nutrients in their diet. Damage to the lining of the small intestine can make it difficult to absorb nutrients, so vitamin and mineral supplements may be necessary. It is important to see a dietitian or nutritionist to develop a healthy, balanced eating plan.