Swallowing and chewing disorders

The third age is a stage of life in which health becomes an issue of utmost relevance. One of the fundamental aspects of health at this stage is nutrition, and swallowing and chewing disorders become common concerns.

These, also known as dysphagia and dysarthria, respectively, are problems that can significantly affect the quality of life of the elderly. These disorders can make it difficult to take in food and fluids, which in turn can lead to malnutrition, dehydration and other health problems.

In this session, we will explore in detail swallowing and chewing disorders in the elderly, their causes, symptoms, and strategies available to address these challenges.

Causes of Swallowing and Chewing Disorders in the Elderly

There are several reasons that may contribute to swallowing and chewing disorders in the elderly, including:

• Natural Aging: As we age, the muscles involved in chewing and swallowing can weaken, which can make these functions more difficult.

• Chronic Diseases: Medical conditions such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, stroke or cancer can affect the coordination and muscles involved in swallowing and chewing.

• Medication Side Effects: Some medications can cause dry mouth or muscle weakness, making chewing and swallowing difficult.

Symptoms of Swallowing and Chewing Disorders

Symptoms of these disorders can vary in intensity and severity, and may include:

• Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Feeling of food getting stuck in the throat or chest.

• Coughing or Choking When Eating or Drinking: This may be a sign that food or liquids are entering the airway instead of the esophagus.

• Chewing Fatigue: Difficulty chewing food due to weak jaw muscles.

• Unexplained Weight Loss: Difficulty eating can lead to unwanted weight loss.

Evaluation of Swallowing and Chewing Disorders.

Upon suspicion of a swallowing or chewing disorder in an older person, a complete medical evaluation is crucial. This may include:

• Physical Exam: An evaluation of the mouth, throat, and muscles of the head and neck.

• Imaging Studies: X-rays or swallowing studies with contrast can help identify structural problems.

• Endoscopy: A procedure that allows detailed visualization of the throat and esophagus.

Treatment of Swallowing and Chewing Disorders

Treatment of these disorders