Classification of neurocognitive disorders

Neurocognitive disorders are medical conditions that affect cognitive function, such as memory, thinking and reasoning. In this session, we will explore in detail the different categories of neurocognitive disorders, their characteristics and how they are diagnosed.

Neurocognitive Disorder Classification

Major Neurocognitive Disorder: Formerly known as Alzheimer's disease, this disorder is the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of memory and other cognitive abilities.

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: In this category, cognitive symptoms are evident but not yet severe enough to be considered a major disorder. It may be an early stage of Alzheimer's disease or other disorders.

Neurocognitive Vascular Disorder: This disorder is related to blood flow problems in the brain and may result in cognitive impairment due to multiple cerebral infarctions or small strokes.

Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Lewy Body Disease: Characterized by fluctuations in cognition, visual hallucinations and motor problems similar to Parkinson's disease.

Neurocognitive Disorder Due to HIV: Results from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and can affect cognitive abilities.

Substance-Related Neurocognitive Disorder: Occurs as a result of substance abuse, such as alcohol or drugs, and may be reversible with abstinence.

Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder: Characterized by changes in personality and behavior, as well as cognitive function, and primarily affects the frontal and temporal areas of the brain.

Diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorders

Clinical Evaluation: A proper diagnosis begins with a thorough clinical evaluation that includes interviews with the patient and caregivers, cognitive testing, and laboratory tests to rule out other causes of symptoms.

Medical and Family History: Medical and family history can provide important information about the presence of neurocognitive disorders in the family or risk factors.

Neuroimaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) of the brain