Complications of enteral nutrition

Enteral nutrition, which involves the administration of nutrients through a tube into the gastrointestinal tract, is a valuable technique in medical care. However, as with any medical procedure, there can be associated complications.

These complications can vary in severity and affect different body systems.In this session, we will explore the potential complications of enteral nutrition, how to prevent them, recognize them and manage them effectively, ensuring patient safety and well-being.

Gastrointestinal Complications

Gastrointestinal complications are the most common complications of enteral nutrition. They can include diarrhea, constipation, bloating, vomiting and colic. These complications are often caused by factors such as infusion rate, formula osmolarity and intolerance to certain nutrients. Prevention involves adjusting the formula, rate of administration and continuous monitoring of the patient.

A major complication is tube blockage. This can occur if formula dries in the tube or if clots form. To prevent this, it is essential to flush the tube before and after administration of formula and medications, in addition to using adequate flushing fluids.

Infections are a concern, especially in patients with long-term catheters. Local infections at the tube insertion site or systemic infections such as sepsis can occur. Meticulous hygiene and catheter care are essential to prevent infections.

Displacement or accidental removal of the tube can disrupt enteral nutrition delivery and increase the risk of complications. Secure fixation of the tube and training of health care personnel in its management are essential to prevent this complication.

Aspiration of gastric contents is a serious complication that can lead to aspiration pneumonia. To prevent aspiration, it is important to keep the patient in an appropriate position during administration and to avoid overfeeding.

Administration of enteral formulas can affect blood glucose levels, which can lead to hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia in patients