Functions and dietary sources of iodine

Iodine is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in the proper functioning of the human body, particularly in the health of the thyroid gland.

In this session, we will explore in detail the functions of iodine in the body and the food sources that provide us with this crucial nutrient.

What is iodine and why is it important?

Iodine is a naturally occurring trace element that is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are vital for regulating metabolism and growth. Iodine is important for several reasons:

• Thyroid Hormone Synthesis: Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are produced by the thyroid gland and regulate metabolism.

• Metabolic Function: Thyroid hormones controlled by iodine influence the rate at which calories are burned and energy is produced in the body.

• Development and Growth: Iodine is crucial during pregnancy and infancy for brain and central nervous system development.

• Body Temperature Regulation: Thyroid hormones help regulate body temperature and response to cold.

Iodine Functions in the Body

Iodine serves several critical functions in the body:

• Thyroid Hormone Synthesis: Iodine combines with amino acids in the thyroid gland to form thyroid hormones, which are then released into the bloodstream and affect the function of organs and tissues throughout the body.

• Regulation of Metabolism: Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolism, which is the minimum amount of energy the body needs to function at rest.

• Development and Growth: Iodine is essential for proper brain and nervous system development in fetuses and children.

• Cognitive Function: Iodine is also related to cognitive function and may affect learning ability and memory.

Iodine Requirements

Iodine requirements may vary according to age, sex and individual health status. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily iodine intake of at least 150 micrograms for adults. During pregnancy and lactation, iodine requirements increase significantly.

Food Sources of Iodine

Iodine is found in a variety of foods, but the main sources of iodine in the diet are usually marine products. Some food sources rich in iodine include:

• Fish and Seafood: Fish, shrimp, seaweed and other marine products are excellent sources of iodine.

• Dairy Products: Milk and dairy products may also contain iodine, as animals obtain iodine from their diet.

• Eggs: Eggs are a moderate source of iodine.

• Iodized Salt: Iodized salt is an important source of iodine in many diets, as it is enriched with iodine to prevent deficiency.

Importance of Supplementation and Iodized Salt

In many regions of the world, iodine supplementation and iodized salt are important strategies to prevent iodine deficiency, especially in areas where the soil is deficient in iodine and sources of iodine-rich foods are limited. The use of iodized salt in cooking is an effective measure to ensure an adequate supply of iodine in the diet.

Consequences of Iodine Deficiency

Iodine deficiency can have serious health consequences, includingIodine deficiency: An enlargement of the thyroid gland due to an attempt by the body to compensate for a lack of iodine.

Developmental Delay: In children, iodine deficiency can cause developmental delay and cognitive problems.

Hypothyroidism: Can lead to hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain and dry skin.