Parenteral nutrition

Parenteral nutrition is a method of administering nutrients and calories directly into a patient's bloodstream through an intravenous line. This therapy is used in situations where oral or enteral feeding is not possible or is contraindicated, such as in patients with severe gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal obstructions, severe burns or surgeries that prevent nutrient absorption.

In this session, we will explore in depth what parenteral nutrition is, when it is used, how it is administered and key considerations for its effective management.

Components of Parenteral Nutrition

Proper parenteral nutrition provides a balanced mix of essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. The main components are macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals).

Indications for parenteral nutrition include:

• Inadequate oral or enteral intake due to medical conditions.

• Inability to absorb nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract.

• Need for temporary nutritional support during the postoperative or recovery period.

• Severe burns or illnesses that increase nutritional needs.Severe malnutrition or extreme weight loss.

Parenteral nutrition requires a thorough evaluation of the patient's nutritional status, including blood tests, body composition and caloric needs. A multidisciplinary medical team, including dietitians and clinical pharmacists, work together to design a customized nutrition plan.

Parenteral Nutrition Preparation

Parenteral nutrition is prepared sterile in a pharmaceutical environment. This ensures patient safety by preventing microbial contamination. Parenteral nutrition solutions are customized to the patient's needs and are administered through a central intravenous line.

Parenteral nutrition administration involves the placement of a central intravenous catheter, which can be a subclavian, jugular or femoral venous line. This allows for continuous infusion and effective distribution of nutrients throughout the body. The infusion rate is closely monitored to meet the patient's needs.

Continuous Monitoring and Adjustment

Constant monitoring is