Self-presentation and impression management

Self-presentation, also known as impression management, is the process by which people attempt to control others' perceptions of them.

It is a fundamental aspect of social interaction, where consciously or not, we seek to project a particular image of ourselves.

Motivations for Self-Presentation

People engage in self-presentation for a variety of reasons:

• To facilitate social interaction: Projecting a consistent, predictable image helps interactions flow more smoothly and helps others know how to respond to us.

• To obtain material or social rewards: A favorable image can help you get a job, win friends, gain approval, or exert influence.

• To build and maintain the desired self-image: The way we present ourselves to others also influences how we see ourselves ourselves. We seek to make our public image consistent with our self-concept or the ideal self we aspire to be.

Common Self-Presentation Strategies

There are numerous strategies that people use to manage the impression they make on others. Some of the most common ones include:

• Ingratiation: Trying to get others to like you through flattery, favors, or agreeing with their opinions.

• Self-Promotion: Highlighting one's own skills, accomplishments, and positive qualities to be perceived as competent.

• Intimidation: Trying to be perceived as dangerous or powerful in order to exert control or instill fear.

• Exemplification: Projecting an image of moral integrity or dedication to be seen as virtuous or worthy of admiration.

• Supplication: Presenting oneself as needy or helpless to elicit help or sympathy from others.

The choice of strategy depends on the context, the individual's goals, and the intended audience.

Authenticity vs. Manipulation

While self-presentation is a normal aspect of social life, it can raise questions about authenticity.

There is a difference between presenting yourself strategically but genuinely (highlighting true aspects of yourself that are relevant to the situation) and deceptive or manipulative self-presentation (projecting a completely false image).

A certain degree of impression management is adaptive and necessary for navigating the complexities of social interactions.

However, excessive dissonance between the actual self and the presented self can lead to stress and long-term relationship difficulties.