The [dark side] of high self-esteem

Although high self-esteem is generally considered beneficial and associated with numerous positive outcomes, research has also revealed that it can have a "dark side," particularly when it is excessive, unstable, or based on an inflated, narcissistic self-perception rather than a genuine and grounded appraisal of the self.

Narcissism and Aggression

Extremely high self-esteem, particularly when combined with narcissistic traits (such as a sense of superiority, entitlement, and low empathy), can be associated with problematic behaviors.

People with high narcissism and fragile self-esteem may react with aggression or hostility when their inflated self-image is threatened or criticized.

In these cases, the "high self-esteem" is not calm inner security, but a vehement defense of a grandiose image that does not tolerate questioning.

Prejudice and Discrimination

Some Studies suggest that high self-esteem, especially if it is unstable or contingent on superiority over other groups, may be related to a greater propensity for prejudice and discrimination.

The need to maintain a positive self-image can lead to devaluing members of outgroups in order to feel superior by comparison.

Excessive Risk-Taking

Excessive confidence in one's own abilities, characteristic of inflated self-esteem, can lead to an underestimation of risks and reckless decision-making in various areas, from finances to health or interpersonal relationships.

The person may feel invulnerable or exempt from negative consequences.

Difficulty Accepting Criticism and Learning from Mistakes

When self-esteem is very high but fragile, constructive criticism may be perceived as a personal attack, hindering the ability to learn from mistakes and improve.

The need to maintain An image of perfection can lead to denial of one's own faults or blaming external factors.

The Importance of Genuine and Stable Self-Esteem

It is crucial to distinguish between genuine self-esteem, based on self-knowledge, self-acceptance, and real achievements, and inflated or defensive self-esteem.

The former is associated with well-being and adaptive functioning. The latter, on the other hand, can mask deep insecurities and lead to dysfunctional behaviors.

Therefore, the goal is not simply to "boost self-esteem" at all costs, but to foster healthy, stable, and authentic self-esteem,that allows the person to value themselves realistically and relate to others constructively.