Eating behaviors in children with autism

Eating behaviors in children with autism can present significant challenges for parents, caregivers and healthcare professionals. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects communication, social interaction, and behavior, and this extends to how children with autism experience and participate in eating.

In this session, we will explore common characteristics of eating behaviors in children with autism, possible causes, and strategies to address these challenges.

Common Characteristics of Eating Behaviors in Children with Autism

Eating behaviors in children with autism can vary widely, but some common characteristics include:

• Food sensitivities:Many children with autism are sensitive to certain food tastes, textures, and smells. They may have very specific food preferences and may refuse foods based on these sensitivities.

• Food rituals and routines:Children with autism are often comfortable with routine and may insist on certain food routines, such as sitting in the same place or using the same plates and utensils at every meal.

• Avoidance of certain food groups: Some children with autism avoid entire food groups, such as fruits or vegetables. This can lead to a limited and unvaried diet.

• Sensory sensitivity: Sensory sensitivity is common in autism and can affect the eating experience. Children may be hypersensitive or hyposensitive to oral sensations, which influences their willingness to try new foods.

• Selective behaviors: Children with autism often exhibit selective eating behaviors, such as only wanting foods of certain colors or textures. These behaviors can be challenging and frustrating for parents.

• Communication difficulties: Communication is a common challenge in autism, and this can impact children's ability to express their food preferences or food-related needs.

Possible Causes of Feeding Behaviors in Children with Autism

While the exact causes of feeding behaviors in children with autism are not fully understood, several theories have been proposed that may contribute to these challenges:

• Sensory sensitivities:Sensory sensitivity is a common feature of autism, and this may affect how children experience foods. Textures, tastes, and smells that are tolerable to others can be overwhelming to children with autism.

• Need for routine and predictability: Children with autism often value routine and predictability. Eating behaviors can provide a sense of control and security in a world that often feels chaotic and unpredictable.

• Gastrointestinal problems: Some children with autism experience gastrointestinal problems, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which may be related to their eating behaviors. Pain or discomfort may influence their willingness to eat certain foods.

• Communication and expression of preferences: Communication problems may make it difficult for children with autism to express their food preferences or food-related needs. This can lead to restrictive eating behaviors.

• Specific nutritional needs: Some children with autism may have specific nutritional needs, and this may influence their food preferences and behaviors. For example, they may require a diet free of certain allergens or a nutrient-specific diet.

Strategies for Addressing Eating Behaviors in Children with Autism

Addressing eating behaviors in children with autism can be a gradual process and requires patience and understanding. Here are some strategies that may be helpful:

• Work with a multidisciplinary team:Collaborating with a team of health care professionals, which may inclu