Behavioral and conduct disorders

Childhood is a stage of development characterized by exploration, learning, and the formation of social and emotional skills. However, for some children, the path to healthy development can be hindered by behavioral and conduct disorders. These disorders encompass a wide range of challenges that affect not only the child, but also their family and educational environment.

In this session, we will address the most common behavioral disorders in childhood, their possible causes, impact on development, and effective intervention strategies.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is one of the most widely recognized behavioral disorders in childhood. It is characterized by difficulty maintaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Children with ADHD may have difficulty in school, at home, and in social interactions.

Genetic, neurological, and environmental factors can contribute to the development of ADHD. Early intervention, which may include behavioral therapy and, in some cases, medication, is critical in addressing these challenges.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

ODD is manifested through persistent patterns of negative, defiant, and disobedient behavior. Children with ODD tend to display irritability, arguments with adults, defiance of rules, and vengeful behaviors.

This disorder can have roots in family, genetic, and environmental factors. Intervention strategies often include family therapy, parent training, and anger management techniques.

Conduct Disorder (CD)

CD involves more severe patterns of disruptive behavior, such as aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, and violation of basic social norms. This disorder can have significant lifelong consequences if not properly addressed. Early intervention, which may include individual and family therapy, is vital in preventing long-term negative outcomes.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

While ASD is primarily characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive behavior patterns, it can also manifest through behavioral challenges.

Children with ASD may have difficulty regulating their emotions, establishing social relationships, and adapting to changes in their environment. Early intervention, which often includes behavioral and occupational therapy, can significantly improve the quality of life of these children.

Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

SAD occurs when children experience significant anxiety related to the separation from attachment figures such as parents. This can manifest through physical complaints, refusal to go to school, and nightmares.

Genetic factors, environmental conditions, and traumatic experiences can contribute to the development of this disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and family support strategies are common approaches to address SAD.

Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder (OCSD)

OCSD involves patterns of obsessive thinking and compulsive behaviors. In childhood, this can manifest in repetitive rituals, irrational fears, and obsessive worries. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, which focuses on changing thought and behavior patterns, is an effective intervention for childre