Depressive disorder in children

Depressive disorder in children is a topic of growing relevance in contemporary child psychology. While it was long believed that depression was an adult-only condition, the understanding that children can also experience this emotional burden has led to increased awareness and attention.

In this session, we will explore the fundamental aspects of depressive disorder in children, from signs and symptoms to potential causes and intervention strategies. It is crucial to address this issue with sensitivity and understanding, recognizing the significant impact it can have on children's emotional and cognitive development.

Definition of Depressive Disorder in Children

Depressive disorder in children, often referred to as childhood depression, is characterized by a persistent state of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyable.

Although children may experience normal mood swings, depression is distinguished by its duration and severity. Identifying these signs early is essential to providing the necessary support and preventing long-term complications.

Signs and Symptoms

• Behavioral Changes: Depression in children can manifest through changes in behavior. They may become more withdrawn, avoid social interactions, or, in some cases, become more irritable and confrontational.

• Changes in Sleep and Appetite: Sleep and eating patterns can be indicators of a child's emotional health. Depression can cause insomnia or, conversely, an increased need for sleep. Additionally, changes in eating habits, such as significant weight loss or gain, can be concerning signs.

• Loss of Interest in Daily Activities: One of the key indicators is the loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed. Children may show apathy toward games, sports, or school activities they previously found pleasurable.

• Fatigue and Lack of Energy: Depression can affect a child's energy and vitality. Constant fatigue, even after adequate sleep, is a symptom that should not be overlooked.

• Changes in Academic Performance: Depression can influence academic performance. Children may struggle with concentration, memory, or active participation in class.

Possible Causes

• Genetic and Biological Factors: Evidence suggests a genetic predisposition to depression. Chemical imbalances in the brain may also play a role in the development of childhood depression.

• Traumatic Experiences: Traumatic events, such as the loss of a loved one, parental divorce, or abuse, can contribute to the development of depression in children.

• Family Issues: Family dynamics, including frequent conflicts or a lack of emotional support, can negatively impact a child's emotional well-being.

• Academic and Social Pressure: Academic and social demands can generate significant stress in children. High expectations and a lack of coping skills can be triggers for depression.

• Chronic Illnesses or Disabilities: Children facing chronic illnesses or disabilities may experience additional emotional burdens, increasing the risk of depression.