Mood disorders in children

Mood disorders in children represent a complex web of emotional challenges that can significantly affect their well-being and development. While it is common for children to experience emotional ups and downs, the persistence and intensity of certain moods may indicate the presence of mood disorders.

This session will explore the various mood disorders in childhood, their potential causes, warning signs, and effective therapeutic approaches.

Common Mood Disorders in Childhood

Major Depressive Disorder in Children: Major Depressive Disorder in children is characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, and changes in sleep and appetite. Children with this disorder may display irritability, lack of energy, and difficulties in academic performance.

Identifying depression in childhood can be challenging, as symptoms may manifest differently than those observed in adults.

Bipolar Disorder in Children: Although less common, Bipolar Disorder in children presents with extreme mood swings, from manic episodes, characterized by excessive energy and risky behaviors, to depressive episodes.

The fluctuation between these states can interfere with academic performance and social relationships. Differentiating bipolar disorder from other mood disorders in children is essential for effective intervention.

Separation Anxiety Disorder: Although classified as an anxiety disorder, the fear of separation can have a significant impact on children's mood. The intense fear of being separated from attachment figures, such as parents, can lead to extreme anxiety and sadness.

This disorder can affect participation in social and academic activities and may require specific intervention to promote autonomy and emotional security.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: This disorder, introduced in the DSM-5, focuses on persistent irritability and frequent episodes of severe temper outbursts. Children with this disorder may struggle to regulate negative emotions and cope with frustration. Identifying irritability as a core symptom can be crucial for distinguishing this disorder from other mood and behavioral disorders.

Causal and Risk Factors

• Genetic and Biological Factors: Genetic predisposition may increase vulnerability to mood disorders in children. Additionally, chemical imbalances in the brain, such as low levels of serotonin or dopamine, can also contribute to the onset of these disorders.

• Traumatic Experiences and Stress: Traumatic events, such as the loss of a loved one or abuse, as well as high levels of family or school stress, can trigger or worsen mood disorders in children. The quality of the emotional environment and emotional support are determining factors.

• Environmental and Cultural Factors: The family environment, cultural expectations, and social interactions can influence children's emotional development. A lack of structural or cultural support for expressing emotions may increase the risk of mood disorders.

Warning Signs and Assessment

• Changes in Behavior and Academic Performance: Observing significant changes in behavior, motivation, and academic performance may indicate the presence of a mood disorder. Social withdrawal, lack of interest, and declining performance are important signals.

• Sleep and Appetite Issues: Disruptions in sleep and appetite patterns are common in mood disorders in childr