Problem Solving (PRACTICE Model)

Problem Identification and Definition (P)

The PRACTICE model, developed by Palmer, is a structured guide for addressing non-pathological but stressful life difficulties. The initial "P" corresponds to Problem Identification.

Often, patients come in with vague complaints ("I feel bad at work"). The therapist should probe until the real problem is pinpointed.

In the case of someone with a fear of public speaking, the problem is not "not knowing how to speak," but anticipatory anxiety and catastrophic thoughts associated with the eva luation of others.

Defining the problem precisely (e.g. "I feel physical anxiety 30 minutes before the talk") is the first step to solving it.

Realistic Goals and Generation of Alternatives (R-A)

The "R" implies setting Realistic Goals. They should be achievable goals in the short term and under the patient's control.

It is not "that my boss will change", but "to be able to present my report without blocking me". Next, "A" refers to Alternative Solutions.

Brainstorming is used where the patient is encouraged to generate as many options as possible, even those that seem far-fetched (e.g. "drink lots of water", "meditate", "practice in front of the mirror").

The aim is to foster creativity and break the mental rigidity that prevents seeing ways out of the conflict.

Evaluation of Consequences and Execution (C-T-I-E)

The "C" invites to analyze the Consequences of each alternative posed: What would happen if I drink a lot of water (I might need to go to the bathroom in the middle of the talk).

This leads to "T" (Target most feasible), which consists of scoring and selecting the most feasible solution with the best consequences.

"I" (Implement) is the implementation of the chosen solution; if the person cannot do it live right away, imagination or rehearsal can be used.

Finally, the "E" is the Post Evaluation: Did the solution work? Did the anxiety decrease? This step closes the cycle and allows adjusting the strategy if the result was not as expected, promoting continuous learning.

Summary

The model starts with the precise and concrete identification of the real problem, avoiding vague complaints. Defining exactly what generates the discomfort is the first indispensable step in order to address it with effective solutions.

Subsequently, realistic and achievable short-term goals are established under the patient's control. Multiple creative alternatives are generated through brainstorming to break mental rigidity and find new ways out.

Finally, the consequences of each option are eva luated to select and execute the most viable one. The cycle is closed by eva luating whether the applied solution really worked or whether the strategy needs to be adjusted.