Self-concept: the image of oneself

Self-concept is the mental image, the cognitive and affective construction that we have of ourselves.

It is the complex answer that each of us gives to the fundamental question: ''who am I?''.

This image is not simple, static or unique; It is made up of a complex and dynamic mosaic of beliefs, perceptions, values, and memories about ourselves.

These beliefs have been forged throughout our lives, from childhood to the present day, and are deeply influenced by our interactions with significant people around us, such as our parents, family members, friends, and mentors.

To analyze it in greater depth, we can approach it from different theoretical perspectives.

Social psychology, for example, distinguishes two main components within the self-concept.

On the one hand, there is personal identity, which includes those characteristics that define us as unique individuals: our personality traits, our abilities, our tastes, and our most intimate values.

On the other hand, we find social identity, which refers to who we are in relation to the groups to which we belong.

This includes the roles we play in society, such as being a parent, student, professional, member of a sports team, or citizen of a country.

Humanistic psychology, with Carl Rogers, as one of its most prominent figures, offers another complementary view. Self-concept is structured in three parts.

The first is the ''self-image'' or the ''real self'', which is how we perceive ourselves in the present moment, with our strengths and weaknesses.

The second is ''self-esteem'', which is the affective evaluation, whether positive or negative, that we make of that image.

The third is the ''ideal self'', which represents the image of the person we would like to be, our yearnings and aspirations.

The coherence or discrepancy between our real selves and our ideal selves has a direct impact on our self-esteem and well-being.

A clear, positive and coherent self-concept is the foundation of mental health, providing us with a sense of identity, purpose and direction in life.

It is the internal map we use to navigate the world.

Summary

Self-concept is the complex image we have of ourselves, built from our experiences, significant relationships and memories from childhood to the present day.

From a psychological perspective, a distinction is made between personal identity (unique characteristics,values and skills) and social identity (roles and group affiliations), demonstrating the richness and multidimensionality of the self.

Carl Rogers proposes three components: the real self, self-esteem, and the ideal self. Coherence between them promotes well-being. A positive self-concept is key to direction, identity, and mental health.