Group cohesion and its multiple effects

Group cohesion refers to the degree to which group members are attracted to one another, motivated to remain in the group, and share a sense of unity or "we."

It is the force that holds a group together and influences its functioning and performance.

Definition and Components of Cohesion

Cohesion is a quality that unites group members and promotes group retention. It involves several aspects:

• Interpersonal Attraction: The degree to which members like each other and enjoy each other's company.

• Group Task Commitment: The extent to which members are committed to the group's goals and tasks.

• Group Pride: The feeling of pride and satisfaction in belonging to the group.

A highly cohesive group is one in which members feel strongly connected, value their membership, and are willing to make an effort for the good of the group.

9.6.2 Factors Influencing Cohesion

Several factors can increase or decrease the cohesion of a group:

• Similarity: The perception of similarity among members (in attitudes, values, background) tends to increase cohesion.

• Interaction: Greater interaction and communication among members often fosters cohesion.

• Group Size: Smaller groups tend to be more cohesive than larger groups because they facilitate greater interaction and mutual understanding.

• External Threats: Sometimes an external threat or competitor can increase internal group cohesion by fostering unity against a common "enemy."

• Task Success: Group success in achieving its goals often increases cohesion and pride of belonging.

• Difficulty of Entry: Groups that are difficult to enter or that require an effort to be admitted tend to be more cohesive (due to the justification of the effort).

Effects of Group Cohesion

Cohesion has important consequences for the group and its members:

• Greater Satisfaction and Morale: Members of cohesive gro