Communication: Three Levels and their Channels

Communication is a complex process that goes far beyond the words spoken.

To understand it, it is essential to recognize the three distinct channels through which we transmit and receive messages: verbal, vocal, and non-verbal.

Ignoring the interaction between these channels can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, since coherence between them is vital for effective communication.

The verbal channel refers to the words we use to convey information.

This is the component that often receives the most attention, but its weight in total communication is surprisingly low, occupying only 7% of the message.

Despite its low percentage, verbal language is crucial for communicating ideas clearly and specifically.

To enhance it, we must avoid generalizations, ambiguous terms, and filler words, and focus on vocabulary that suits the interlocutor.

The vocal channel is made up of tone of voice, volume, rhythm, the inflections and sounds that accompany words.

This channel has a much greater weight, representing up to 38% of communication.

The voice is a powerful emotional indicator.

A calm tone of voice and a slow pace convey control and security, which facilitates communication.

A volume that is too high can be perceived as aggressive, while one that is too low can denote insecurity.

Managing this channel is vital so that the verbal message is not misinterpreted.

Finally, the non-verbal channel is by far the most important, constituting up to 55% of communication, and even 65% according to some studies.

It includes facial expression, gestures, body posture, gaze, and personal image.

Non-verbal communication conveys personal states and attitudes, and is often the first filter through which the interlocutor evaluates the honesty and intention of the speaker.

An open posture, friendly eye contact, and a smile can break down defenses and facilitate a dialogue, while crossed arms or an evasive gaze can generate mistrust.

Ambiguity occurs when these channels do not align.

For example, if a person says "I'm fine" (verbal message) with a sad facial expression and a low tone of voice (vocal and nonverbal channels), the other person will perceive that something is not right, even if the words say otherwise.

This incongruity