Dysgraphia and Dysorthography

Differentiation between motor performance and encoding.

Within writing difficulties, it is crucial to distinguish two disorders that, although they often coexist, have different natures. Dysgraphia is a motor disorder that affects the quality of handwriting.

It manifests itself in illegible handwriting, irregular strokes, pain or muscle fatigue when writing and poor spatial organization on paper. The problem lies in hand-eye coordination and fine motor planning.

On the other hand, dysorthography is a coding problem. The student may have perfect handwriting, but his text is riddled with spelling errors (natural and arbitrary), improper word junctions, and syntax problems.

Here the fault lies not in the hand, but in the ability to automate grammatical rules and visualize word structure.

Differentiating between the two profiles is vital, since a dysgraphic student needs psychomotor therapy, while a dysorthographic student requires linguistic reeducation.

Technology as a bridge to written expression

Traditionally, intervention in these cases has focused on mechanical repetition (handwriting and dictation), which often generates frustration and rejection.

The modern approach to educational coaching and psycho-pedagogy relies on the use of assistive technology.

For a student with severe dysgraphia, the keyboard or voice dictation are not "traps" but necessary prostheses that allow him to express his ideas without the motor block.

Similarly, intelligent spell checkers and text predictors help the student with dysgraphia to focus on the content and creativity of his message, rather than being blocked by the fear of making mistakes.

Intervention should prioritize the quality of written expression and discourse structure over aesthetics or mechanical correction, using digital