Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Defining the Autism Spectrum

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a condition related to brain development that impacts how a person perceives and socializes.

This neurodevelopmental disorder manifests itself from childhood and causes problems with a person's social, academic, and occupational functioning.

The term "spectrum" is used to reflect the wide range of symptoms and severity that individuals may present.

This diagnostic category now includes conditions that were previously considered separate, such as Asperger's syndrome.

Although there is no cure for this condition, early and intensive treatment can make a big difference in the lives of many children.

Difficulties with Communication and Social Interaction

The first of the two major characteristics of ASD is persistent difficulties with communication and social interaction in a variety of contexts.

This can be manifest as difficulty establishing normal eye contact or even a complete absence of verbal speech.

People with autism often have trouble holding conversations and understanding jokes, irony, or sarcasm.

They also struggle to react to other people's emotions and know what to do in specific, often very literal, social situations.

Some children with this condition may start speaking much later than others, although they may later develop completely fluent speech.

Restricted Behavior Patterns and Interests

The second main characteristic is difficulty being flexible in behaviors, interests, and activities of daily life.

They often display repetitive behavior patterns and have very specific, restricted, and limited interests that are also very persistent.

For this reason, people with autism are much better managed through routines, as they have a great difficulty coping with change.

Their focus tends to be so intense and specific that it can take away space from the development of other skills or other learning experiences.

Furthermore, they often have different reactions than expected to sensory stimuli in the environme