Cardiovascular diseases in geriatric nutrition

Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and their prevalence increases with age. As people age, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases significantly. In this session, we will explore cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, their risk factors, symptoms, prevention and strategies to maintain a healthy heart throughout the years.

Introduction to Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly

Cardiovascular diseases encompass a number of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure and stroke. These conditions can have a significant impact on the quality of life of older people and can be life-threatening.

Older age brings with it a number of additional risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease, including:

• Aging: Aging itself is a risk factor, as it leads to changes in the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels.

• Medical History: Previous medical conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension and previous heart disease, increase risk.

• Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of regular physical activity can lead to deterioration of cardiovascular health.

• Inadequate diet: A diet high in saturated fats, sodium and added sugars can contribute to heart disease.

• Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

• Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Symptoms and Signs of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly People

Symptoms of cardiovascular disease in the elderly can vary depending on the type of condition, but some of the common signs and symptoms include:

• Chest Pain: This can be a sign of angina or coronary heart disease.

• Shortness of Breathing: Heart failure can cause shortness of breath and fatigue.

• Palpitations: Irregular heart rhythms can cause palpitations.

• Swelling of Legs and Ankles: Fluid retention is common in heart failure.

• Neck, Jaw or Back Pain: These symptoms may be signs of angina or a heart attack.

• Dizziness or Fainting: Orthostatic hypotension is more common in older people.

Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly

Prevention is key to maintaining a healthy heart in the elderly. Some important strategies include:

• Healthy Diet: Adopting a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and healthy fats is