Diet in the oncology patient

The fight against cancer is a significant health challenge worldwide. Diet plays a crucial role in the well-being of oncology patients, as it can influence treatment response and quality of life during and after therapy.

In this session, we will explore the importance of diet in the oncology patient, specific nutritional considerations, common side effects of treatment, and dietary strategies to address these challenges.

Introduction

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer therapy, which may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies, can be aggressive and have an impact on overall health. Proper diet is essential to provide necessary nutrients, maintain strength and energy, and aid in recovery and tolerance to treatment.

Cancer patients often face specific nutritional challenges:

• Weight Loss: Cancer can lead to unintentional weight loss due to reduced appetite, difficulty swallowing, or altered metabolism.

• Malnutrition: Malnutrition is common in cancer patients and can compromise treatment response and recovery.

• Treatment Side Effects: Cancer therapy can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, and taste alterations, making it difficult to eat.

• Increased Nutritional Needs: To fight the disease and tolerate treatment, cancer patients often need more calories and protein than usual.

Dietary Strategies in Cancer Treatment

The dietary approach in cancer treatment can vary depending on the stage of the disease, the type of cancer and the side effects of treatment. Here are some common dietary strategies:

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: In some cases, it is important to maintain weight to prevent further loss. In others, it may be necessary to control weight gain.

• Increase Protein Intake: Protein is essential for tissue repair and immune function. Protein-rich foods such as lean meats, fish, eggs and legumes can be included.

• Opt for Easy-to-Swallow Foods: For patients with swallowing difficulties due to treatments or surgery, soft, easy-to-swallow foods, such as purees or soups, may be helpful.

• Managing Nausea and Vomiting: Soft, easy-to-digest foods may be recommended for nausea and vomiting. It is also helpful to eat smaller portions and avoid strong odors.

• Prevent Diarrhea: In case of diarrhea, foods rich in fiber and lactose can be limited and easy-to-digest foods such as white rice and boiled chicken can be chosen.

Common Side Effects of Treatment

Cancer therapy can cause side effects that affect food intake:

• Nausea and Vomiting: These are common side effects of chemotherapy and can affect eating. Eating small, frequent meals and avoiding fatty or heavily seasoned foods may help.

• Mucositis: Inflammation in the mouth and throat can make eating difficult. Mild mouth rinses and choosing soft, cold foods may be helpful.<