CBT (Thinking and Techniques)

Cognitive Distortions and Core Beliefs

The approach focuses on modifying irrational thoughts or cognitive distortions that generate discomfort.

Among the most common are personalization (blaming others), catastrophic vision (anticipating disasters), overgeneralization (using "always" or "never"), shoulds (rigid demands) and mind reading (arbitrary inference).

To get to the root, the Descending Arrow technique is used, which consists of successively asking "and what would that mean for you?" to the automatic thoughts, until the deep core belief (e.g. "I am incompetent") that underlies the dysfunctional schema is unveiled.

Behavioral and Cognitive Intervention Techniques

The technical arsenal of CBT is broad. Cognitive Restructuring seeks to discuss and replace irrational thoughts with more adaptive alternatives.

Systematic Desensitization is key for phobias, exposing the patient gradually to the feared stimulus while relaxing.

Operant Techniques (such as token economy) are used to modify behaviors through reinforcement.

Self-control techniques, Social Skills training (role-play), Relaxation (Jacobson, Mindfulness) and Problem Solving are also used.

The choice of technique depends on the specific diagnosis (anxiety, depression, addictions).

Summary

The approach modifies cognitive distortions such as personalization or catastrophic vision. The Descending Arrow is used to delve into a