Differentiating between eustress and distress: their impact on anxiety

Stress is a natural response of the body to the demands of the environment, but not all stress is inherently negative or harmful.

It is essential to distinguish between eustress (positive stress) and distress (negative stress), since their impact on well-being and, consequently, on anxiety, is markedly different.

Eustress.

Positive and Stimulating StressEustress refers to stress that is perceived as a positive, stimulating, and manageable challenge.

It arises from situations that, although demanding, are temporary or even exciting, and that mobilize us for action and growth.

Common examples of eustress include preparing for an important exam that we feel competent to take, planning a vacation, being excited about a new work project, or the controlled tension before a sports competition. This type of stress can have beneficial effects, such as an increase in energy, increased motivation, improved alertness, and greater mental clarity and focus.

Eustress helps us perform optimally and overcome challenges and is generally not associated with a problematic increase in anxiety, but rather with a sense of vitality and engagement.

Distress.

Negative and Depleting StressDistress, on the other hand, is stress that is perceived as overwhelming, threatening, or beyond one’s ability to cope.

It originates from persistent situations that are often difficult to resolve or control and has detrimental effects on physical and mental health.

Examples of distress include prolonged unemployment, serious financial problems, caring for a chronically ill family member, or a toxic, overloaded work environment. Chronic distress keeps the body in a prolonged state of alert, which leads to the depletion of energy reserves and can generate a wide range of physical symptoms (fatigue, headaches, headache, digestive problems) and psychological problems, including greater vulnerability to anxiety and depression.

Differential Impact on Anxiety

The relationship with anxiety is different.

Eustress, being perceived as manageable and motivating, does not usually trigger problematic anxiety; in fact, a certain amount of