Classical Organizational Theory

Productivity goals and scientific analysis

Classical organization theory formally emerged with the rise of factories in Britain during the 18th century, although some scholars trace its roots to medie val times.

This current is based on the premise that institutions exist primarily for economic reasons and to achieve specific productivity goals.

According to this approach, there is a "single best way" to organize production, which can be identified through rigorous scientific analysis.

It assumes that both individuals and entities act under rational economic principles, seeking to maximize performance through specialization of functions.

The central objective is to increase the efficiency of the existing labor force to respond to market demand, especially in periods of accelerated industrial growth.

Application of methods from the sciences to management

The classical approach, also known in certain contexts as Taylorism, seeks to apply scientific methodology to management problems in order to achieve industrial efficiency.

This system proposes a workflow divided into critical stages: planning, preparation, control and execution.

Under this perspective, work is fragmented into simple and repetitive tasks that must be completed in standardized times, avoiding contradictions in the activities assigned to the operator.

This management based on technical knowledge and precise control allows the organization to function as a gear where formal structure and predefined functions take precedence over the personal treatment or emotional well-being of employees.

Summary

Classical theory posits that institutions exist for economic reasons and to achieve specific productivity goals. It holds that there is a "single best way" identifiable through scientific analysis.

This approach, known as Taylorism, seeks to apply scientific methodology to industrial management. It proposes dividing work into simple, repetitive tasks to be accomplished in standardized times.

The system works as a gear where the formal structure and predefined functions have priority. The emotional well-being of the employee is subordinated to technical knowledge and precise control.