Job Analysis Process

Task-oriented vs. worker-oriented techniques

Job analysis is a fundamental methodical procedure for identifying the functions, duties and requirements of a specific role within the organization.

Traditionally, this process has been divided into two main approaches: task-oriented and worker-oriented.

Task-oriented techniques focus on a detailed description of the physical and mental activities performed directly on the job.

In contrast, worker-oriented methods focus on examining the human behaviors and personal characteristics necessary for the individual to perform those functions successfully.

It is vital for the organization to have an up-to-date understanding of the job before making any hiring decisions, as this information serves as the basis for developing both job descriptions and technical personnel specifications.

Definition of functions, conditions and responsibilities

The job description resulting from a thorough analysis must be extremely precise and specific to avoid ambiguities in the future.

This document must contemplate the exact tasks to be performed by the occupant, the tools or machinery he/she will operate, the hierarchical authority he/she possesses and the physical environment where he/she works, including factors such as temperature or noise.

It is imperative to detail the "how", "what for" and "where" of each assigned function.

By delimiting these scopes, the company not only optimizes its operational processes, but also creates a legal shield; if a worker suffers an accident while performing a task that is not contemplated in its official description, the institutional liability could be limited due to the operator's negligence.

Summary

Job analysis methodically identifies the functions, duties and requirements of a specific role. It is divided into task-oriented and worker-focused techniques.

The task-oriented approach describes physical and mental activities, while the worker-oriented approach examines personal characteristics for success. It is the basis for accurate hiring.

The resulting description should detail functions, environmental conditions and hierarchical responsibilities. This optimizes operability and provides a legal shield against unforeseen accidents at work.